Initial commitHEADmaster

Signed-off-by: Tobias Wiese <tobias@tobiaswiese.com>

39 files changed, 1528 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a78512b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+/*
+!/*/
+!/Makefile
+!/*.*
+*.[ao]
diff --git a/Makefile b/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cc18b7e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+SHELL = /bin/sh
+MCU = atmega16
+F_CPU=16000000
+
+CC = avr-gcc
+CFLAGS = -g -Os -mmcu=$(MCU) -DF_CPU=$(F_CPU) -Wall
+AS = avr-as
+ASFLAGS = $(CFLAGS)
+LD = avr-ld
+LDFLAGS =
+
+TARGETS := test img_mono blink fade pulse numtest
+MAINS := $(addsuffix .o, $(TARGETS))
+C_OBJS := base.o libleds.o chars/chars.o
+S_OBJS := libleds_asm.o
+OBJS := $(C_OBJS) $(S_OBJS)
+DEPS := Makefile libleds.h
+
+COLOR_TARGETS := c_black c_white c_red c_green c_blue
+COLOR_MAINS := $(addsuffix .o, $(COLOR_TARGETS))
+
+NUMBERS = $(shell seq 0 9)
+UPPERCASE = A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
+LOWERCASE = $(call lc, $(UPPERCASE))
+SPECIAL_CHARS = space
+CHARS = $(NUMBERS) $(UPPERCASE) $(LOWERCASE) $(SPECIAL_CHARS)
+
+NUMBERS_DEP = chars/chars.o $(addprefix chars/, $(addsuffix .xbm, $(NUMBERS)))
+UPPERCASE_DEP = chars/chars.o $(addprefix chars/, $(addsuffix .xbm, $(UPPERCASE)))
+LOWERCASE_DEP = chars/chars.o $(addprefix chars/, $(addsuffix .xbm, $(LOWERCASE)))
+SPECIAL_CHARS_DEP = chars/chars.o $(addprefix chars/, $(addsuffix .xbm, $(SPECIAL_CHARS)))
+CHARS_DEP = chars/chars.o $(addprefix chars/, $(addsuffix .xbm, $(CHARS)))
+
+
+.PHONY: all all-normal all-colors
+all: all-core all-colors
+
+all-core: $(TARGETS)
+.PHONY: color
+all-colors color: $(COLOR_TARGETS)
+
+.PHONY: clean
+clean:
+	rm -f $(TARGETS) $(MAINS) $(OBJS) $(COLOR_TARGETS) $(COLOR_MAINS)
+	rm -f chars/chars.o
+
+.PHONY: list-targets _list-targets-core _list-targets-color
+list-targets: _list-targets-core _list-targets-color
+	@printf "\n"
+
+list-targets-core list-targets-color: % : _%
+	@printf "\n"
+
+_list-targets-core:
+	@printf "%s " "$(TARGETS)"
+
+_list-targets-color:
+	@printf "%s " "$(COLOR_TARGETS)"
+
+
+# Build targets
+
+
+chars/chars.c: %.c: %.h
+	@touch $@
+
+$(MAINS) $(C_OBJS): %.o : %.c $(DEPS)
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -c -o $@ $<
+
+$(TARGETS) $(COLOR_TARGETS): % : $(OBJS) %.o
+	$(CC) $(LDFLAGS) $(CFLAGS) -o $@ $^
+
+numtest.o: $(NUMBERS_DEP)
+img_mono.o: %.o : %.xbm
+
+# Color Targets
+c_black.o: color.c $(DEPS)
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -c -o $@ $< \
+		-DCOLOR_RED=0x00 -DCOLOR_GREEN=0x00 -DCOLOR_BLUE=0x00 
+c_white.o: color.c $(DEPS)
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -c -o $@ $< \
+		-DCOLOR_RED=0x00 -DCOLOR_GREEN=0xFF -DCOLOR_BLUE=0xFF 
+c_red.o: color.c $(DEPS)
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -c -o $@ $< \
+		-DCOLOR_RED=0xFF -DCOLOR_GREEN=0x00 -DCOLOR_BLUE=0x00 
+c_green.o: color.c $(DEPS)
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -c -o $@ $< \
+		-DCOLOR_RED=0x00 -DCOLOR_GREEN=0xFF -DCOLOR_BLUE=0x00 
+c_blue.o: color.c $(DEPS)
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -c -o $@ $< \
+		-DCOLOR_RED=0x00 -DCOLOR_GREEN=0x00 -DCOLOR_BLUE=0xFF 
diff --git a/base.c b/base.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5ebe2a7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/base.c
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+#include <avr/io.h>
+#include "libleds.h"
+
+static uint16_t const STRIP_LENGTH = 8*32;
+static char const PORT = 0;
+static char const PINS = 1<<7;
+
+void led_main();
+
+void init()
+{
+	DDRD = 255;
+}
+
+int main()
+{
+	init();
+	led_main();
+	return 0;
+}
diff --git a/blink.c b/blink.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7bf248f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/blink.c
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+#include <util/delay.h>
+#include "libleds.h"
+
+static struct led_obj const PANEL = {0, 1<<7, 32, 8};
+static unsigned char const INTENSITY = 0x15;
+static unsigned int const DELAY_MS = 150;
+
+void led_main()
+{
+	struct led_color const colors[] = {
+		{INTENSITY, 0x00, 0x00},
+		{0x00, INTENSITY, 0x00},
+		{0x00, 0x00, INTENSITY},
+	};
+
+	unsigned char i = 0;
+
+	while (1) {
+		led_write_rgb_all(PANEL, colors[i]);
+		_delay_ms(DELAY_MS);
+		i = (i + 1) % (sizeof(colors) / sizeof(colors[0]));
+	}
+}
diff --git a/chars/0.xbm b/chars/0.xbm
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..420af7e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/chars/0.xbm
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+#define c0_width 5
+#define c0_height 8
+static unsigned char c0_bits[] = {
+   0x0e, 0x11, 0x11, 0x11, 0x11, 0x11, 0x11, 0x0e };
diff --git a/chars/0.xcf b/chars/0.xcf
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a3ab875
--- /dev/null
+++ b/chars/0.xcf
diff --git a/chars/1.xbm b/chars/1.xbm
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0e3b28c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/chars/1.xbm
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+#define c1_width 5
+#define c1_height 8
+static unsigned char c1_bits[] = {
+   0x04, 0x04, 0x04, 0x04, 0x04, 0x04, 0x04, 0x04 };
diff --git a/chars/1.xcf b/chars/1.xcf
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9ca02a3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/chars/1.xcf
diff --git a/chars/2.xbm b/chars/2.xbm
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b88cc50
--- /dev/null
+++ b/chars/2.xbm
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+#define c2_width 5
+#define c2_height 8
+static unsigned char c2_bits[] = {
+   0x1f, 0x10, 0x10, 0x1f, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x1f };
diff --git a/chars/2.xcf b/chars/2.xcf
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..05d2415
--- /dev/null
+++ b/chars/2.xcf
diff --git a/chars/3.xbm b/chars/3.xbm
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5723c18
--- /dev/null
+++ b/chars/3.xbm
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+#define c3_width 5
+#define c3_height 8
+static unsigned char c3_bits[] = {
+   0x1f, 0x10, 0x10, 0x1f, 0x10, 0x10, 0x10, 0x1f };
diff --git a/chars/3.xcf b/chars/3.xcf
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f1796d3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/chars/3.xcf
diff --git a/chars/4.xbm b/chars/4.xbm
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..419d375
--- /dev/null
+++ b/chars/4.xbm
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+#define c4_width 5
+#define c4_height 8
+static unsigned char c4_bits[] = {
+   0x11, 0x11, 0x11, 0x1f, 0x10, 0x10, 0x10, 0x10 };
diff --git a/chars/4.xcf b/chars/4.xcf
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6eb8a27
--- /dev/null
+++ b/chars/4.xcf
diff --git a/chars/5.xbm b/chars/5.xbm
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..00eb4bc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/chars/5.xbm
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+#define c5_width 5
+#define c5_height 8
+static unsigned char c5_bits[] = {
+   0x1f, 0x01, 0x01, 0x1f, 0x10, 0x10, 0x10, 0x1f };
diff --git a/chars/5.xcf b/chars/5.xcf
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..48b178e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/chars/5.xcf
diff --git a/chars/6.xbm b/chars/6.xbm
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4b307c3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/chars/6.xbm
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+#define c6_width 5
+#define c6_height 8
+static unsigned char c6_bits[] = {
+   0x1f, 0x01, 0x01, 0x1f, 0x11, 0x11, 0x11, 0x1f };
diff --git a/chars/6.xcf b/chars/6.xcf
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..402e31c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/chars/6.xcf
diff --git a/chars/7.xbm b/chars/7.xbm
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..345352e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/chars/7.xbm
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+#define c7_width 5
+#define c7_height 8
+static unsigned char c7_bits[] = {
+   0x1f, 0x11, 0x10, 0x10, 0x10, 0x10, 0x10, 0x10 };
diff --git a/chars/7.xcf b/chars/7.xcf
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..49ad0eb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/chars/7.xcf
diff --git a/chars/8.xbm b/chars/8.xbm
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0b1b1ca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/chars/8.xbm
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+#define c8_width 5
+#define c8_height 8
+static unsigned char c8_bits[] = {
+   0x1f, 0x11, 0x11, 0x1f, 0x11, 0x11, 0x11, 0x1f };
diff --git a/chars/8.xcf b/chars/8.xcf
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..879b641
--- /dev/null
+++ b/chars/8.xcf
diff --git a/chars/9.xbm b/chars/9.xbm
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2e6c2cd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/chars/9.xbm
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+#define c9_width 5
+#define c9_height 8
+static unsigned char c9_bits[] = {
+   0x1f, 0x11, 0x11, 0x1f, 0x10, 0x10, 0x10, 0x1f };
diff --git a/chars/9.xcf b/chars/9.xcf
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8c7c6fd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/chars/9.xcf
diff --git a/chars/chars.c b/chars/chars.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..de72a10
--- /dev/null
+++ b/chars/chars.c
@@ -0,0 +1,118 @@
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <math.h>
+
+#include "../libleds.h"
+#include "chars.h"
+
+#include "space.xbm"
+#include "0.xbm"
+#include "1.xbm"
+#include "2.xbm"
+#include "3.xbm"
+#include "4.xbm"
+#include "5.xbm"
+#include "6.xbm"
+#include "7.xbm"
+#include "8.xbm"
+#include "9.xbm"
+
+static unsigned char *get_char_bits(char c) {
+	switch (c) {
+		case ' ':
+			return cspace_bits;
+		case '0':
+			return c0_bits;
+		case '1':
+			return c1_bits;
+		case '2':
+			return c2_bits;
+		case '3':
+			return c3_bits;
+		case '4':
+			return c4_bits;
+		case '5':
+			return c5_bits;
+		case '6':
+			return c6_bits;
+		case '7':
+			return c7_bits;
+		case '8':
+			return c8_bits;
+		case '9':
+			return c9_bits;
+		default:
+			return NULL;
+	}
+}
+
+static char is_active(unsigned char const *bits, unsigned int const i)
+{
+	/*
+	 * The first led is in the top left corner.
+	 * After that it goes down the column, then up the next and so on.
+	 *
+	 * This means all columns with an even index count down.
+	 * Those with an odd index count up.
+	 *
+	 *
+	 * With a height of 8 the led numbers would look like this:
+	 *
+	 * 00  0F  10  1F  20  ...
+	 * 01  0E  11  1E  21  ...
+	 * 02  0D  12  1D  ...
+	 * 03  0C  13  1C  ...
+	 * 04  0B  14  1B  ...
+	 * 05  0A  15  1A  ...
+	 * 06  09  16  19  ...
+	 * 07  08  17  18  ...
+	 */
+
+	unsigned int const bytes_per_row = ceil(char_width / 8.0);
+	unsigned int col = i / char_height;
+	unsigned int row = i % char_height;
+	if (col % 2)
+		row = char_height - 1 - row;
+	
+	// calculate byte to access
+	unsigned int byte = row * bytes_per_row;
+	byte += col / 8;
+
+	unsigned char data = bits[byte];
+	unsigned char mask = 1<<(col % 8);
+	return data & mask;
+}
+
+static char leds_write_char(const struct led_color color, char c, struct led_color *buf)
+{
+	unsigned char *bits = get_char_bits(c);
+	if (bits == NULL)
+		return 0;
+
+	for (unsigned int i = 0; i < char_length; i++) {
+		if (is_active(bits, i))
+			buf[i] = color;
+		else
+			buf[i] = (struct led_color){0, 0, 0};
+	}
+
+	return 1;
+}
+
+struct led_color *leds_text(struct led_color const color, const char *text)
+{
+	unsigned int const len = strlen(text);
+	struct led_color *buf = calloc(
+		sizeof(struct led_color), len * char_length
+	);
+
+	for (unsigned int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
+		if (!leds_write_char(color, text[i], buf + i*char_length)) {
+			// Invalid char
+			free(buf);
+			return NULL;
+		}
+	}
+
+	return buf;
+}
diff --git a/chars/chars.h b/chars/chars.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..91c7ea7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/chars/chars.h
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+#ifndef CHARS_CHARS_H
+#define CHARS_CHARS_H
+
+#define char_width (5+1)
+#define char_height 8
+#define char_length (char_width * char_height)
+
+struct led_color *leds_text(struct led_color const color, const char *text);
+
+#endif /* !CHARS_CHARS_H */
diff --git a/chars/space.xbm b/chars/space.xbm
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7b4791b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/chars/space.xbm
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+#define cspace_width 5
+#define cspace_height 8
+static unsigned char cspace_bits[] = {
+   0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00 };
diff --git a/chars/space.xcf b/chars/space.xcf
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c32a481
--- /dev/null
+++ b/chars/space.xcf
diff --git a/color.c b/color.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f7c1261
--- /dev/null
+++ b/color.c
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+#include "libleds.h"
+
+#if !defined(COLOR_RED) || !defined(COLOR_GREEN) || !defined(COLOR_BLUE)
+# error Requires COLOR_* symbols to be set.
+#endif
+
+static struct led_obj const PANEL = {0, 1<<7, 32, 8};
+
+void led_main()
+{
+	struct led_color const color = { COLOR_RED, COLOR_GREEN, COLOR_BLUE};
+	led_write_rgb_all(PANEL, color);
+}
diff --git a/fade.c b/fade.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..09d6233
--- /dev/null
+++ b/fade.c
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+#include "libleds.h"
+
+static struct led_obj const PANEL = {0, 1<<7, 32, 8};
+
+void write_all(struct led_color const color)
+{
+	led_write_rgb_all(PANEL, color);
+	led_latch();
+}
+
+void led_main()
+{
+	static int const STEP = 0x04;
+	static int const MIN = 0x10;
+	static int const MAX = 0xF0;
+
+	struct led_color color = {MAX, MIN, MIN};
+	while (1) {
+		for (int i = MIN; i < MAX; i += STEP) {
+			color.red -= STEP;
+			color.green += STEP;
+			write_all(color);
+		}
+		color.red = MIN;
+		color.green = MAX;
+		for (int i = MIN; i < MAX; i += STEP) {
+			color.green -= STEP;
+			color.blue += STEP;
+			write_all(color);
+		}
+		color.green = MIN;
+		color.blue = MAX;
+		for (int i = MIN; i < MAX; i += STEP) {
+			color.blue -= STEP;
+			color.red += STEP;
+			write_all(color);
+		}
+		color.blue = MIN;
+		color.red = MAX;
+	}
+}
diff --git a/img_mono.c b/img_mono.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b711a6b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/img_mono.c
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+#include <math.h>
+#include "libleds.h"
+#include "img_mono.xbm"
+
+static char const PORT = 0;
+static char const PINS = 1<<7;
+
+char const is_active(unsigned int const n)
+{
+	/*
+	 * The first led is in the top left corner.
+	 * After that it goes down the column, then up the next and so on.
+	 *
+	 * This means all columns with an even index count down.
+	 * Those with an odd index count up.
+	 *
+	 *
+	 * With a height of 8 the led numbers would look like this:
+	 *
+	 * 00  0F  10  1F  20  ...
+	 * 01  0E  11  1E  21  ...
+	 * 02  0D  12  1D  ...
+	 * 03  0C  13  1C  ...
+	 * 04  0B  14  1B  ...
+	 * 05  0A  15  1A  ...
+	 * 06  09  16  19  ...
+	 * 07  08  17  18  ...
+	 */
+
+	unsigned int const bytes_per_row = ceil(img_width / 8.0);
+	unsigned int col = n / img_height;
+	unsigned int row = n % img_height;
+	if (col % 2)
+		row = img_height - 1 - row;
+	
+	// calculate byte to access
+	unsigned int byte = row * bytes_per_row;
+	byte += col / 8;
+
+	unsigned char data = img_bits[byte];
+	unsigned char mask = 1<<(col % 8);
+	return data & mask;
+}
+
+void led_main()
+{
+	const int length = img_width * img_height;
+
+	struct led_color pixel[length];
+
+	for (unsigned int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
+		unsigned char out = is_active(i) ? 0xFF : 0x00;
+		pixel[i] = (struct led_color){out, out, out};
+	}
+
+	for (unsigned int i = 0; i < length; i++)
+		led_write_rgb(PORT, PINS, pixel[i]);
+}
diff --git a/img_mono.xbm b/img_mono.xbm
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..81f61b4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/img_mono.xbm
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+#define img_width 32
+#define img_height 8
+static unsigned char img_bits[] = {
+   0xaa, 0xaa, 0xaa, 0xaa, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0xaa, 0xaa, 0xaa, 0xaa,
+   0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0xaa, 0xaa, 0xaa, 0xaa, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55,
+   0xaa, 0xaa, 0xaa, 0xaa, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55 };
diff --git a/libleds.c b/libleds.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1e32d90
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libleds.c
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+#include <util/delay.h>
+#include "libleds.h"
+
+void led_write_rgb_all(struct led_obj const obj, struct led_color const color)
+{
+	for (int i = 0; i < obj.width * obj.height; i++) {
+		led_write_rgb(obj.port, obj.pins, color);
+	}
+}
+
+void led_latch(void)
+{
+	_delay_us(280);
+}
diff --git a/libleds.h b/libleds.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2af1325
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libleds.h
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+#ifndef LIBLEDS_H
+#define LIBLEDS_H
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+struct led_color {
+	unsigned char red;
+	unsigned char green;
+	unsigned char blue;
+};
+
+struct led_obj {
+	/*
+	 * port to use as output.
+	 *
+	 * The port must already be configured for output.
+	 *
+	 * currently this is not used and PORTD is used instead.
+	 */
+	uint16_t port;
+
+	/*
+	 * bitmask specifing with ports to use.
+	 *
+	 * currently this is not used and 0xFF is used instead.
+	 */
+	unsigned char pins;
+
+	/*
+	 * the width of the object.
+	 * 
+	 * Might be 0 if the width is unknown. Some function that depend on
+	 * knowing the number of elements will not work.
+	 */
+	unsigned int width;
+
+	/*
+	 * the height of the object.
+	 *
+	 * Might be 0 if the height is unknown. Some function that depend on
+	 * knowing the number of elements will not work.
+	 *
+	 * If the object is not a rectangle this should be set to 1.
+	 * width is then the number of leds in the strip / star / ...
+	 */
+	unsigned int height;
+};
+
+void led_write_rgb(uint16_t const port, unsigned char const pins,
+		struct led_color color);
+
+void led_write_rgb_all(struct led_obj const obj, struct led_color const color);
+
+void led_latch();
+
+#endif /* !LIBLEDS_H */
diff --git a/libleds_asm.S b/libleds_asm.S
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fd7e67c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libleds_asm.S
@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+.include "m16def.inc"
+
+#ifndef F_CPU
+# error The LEDs are timing sensitive. F_CPU required.
+#elif F_CPU < 4000000
+# error The LEDs are timing sensitive. CPU Frequency must be at least 4MHz
+#elif F_CPU == 4000000
+
+// 4MHz
+#define nop_short
+#define nop_long nop $ nop
+
+#elif F_CPU == 8000000
+
+// 8MHz
+#define nop_short nop
+#define nop_long nop $ nop $ nop $ nop $ nop
+
+#elif F_CPU == 16000000
+
+// 16MHz
+#define nop_short nop $ nop $ nop
+#define nop_long nop $ nop $ nop $ nop $ nop $ nop $ nop $ nop $ nop $ nop $ nop
+
+#else
+# error Missing nop definitions for your CPU frequency.
+#endif
+
+
+.global led_write_rgb
+	.type led_write_rgb, @function
+; void (uint16_t port, char pins, char r, char g, char b);
+;
+; Args:
+;	port:	r25, r24
+;	pins:	r22
+;	b:	r20
+;	g:	r19
+;	r:	r18
+;
+; destroys: r19
+;
+; The leds expect the data in G-R-B order
+led_write_rgb:
+	clr r0
+	dec r0
+
+	call L_led_write_byte
+	mov r19, r18
+	call L_led_write_byte
+	mov r19, r20
+	call L_led_write_byte
+	ret
+
+; Args:
+;	port:	X -- curently ignored, hadcoded to PORTD
+;	pins:	r22  -- currently ignored, hardcoded to 0xFF
+;	byte:	r19 (!)
+;
+; Prerequisites:
+; r0 must be 0xFF
+;
+; destroys: r21 -- will be 0 afterwards
+; destroys: r19 -- call rol on it once to restore
+L_led_write_byte:
+
+	ldi r21, 8
+
+L_led_write_byte__loop_head:
+	rol r19
+	brcc L_led_write_byte__zero
+
+L_led_write_byte__one:
+	out PORTD, r0
+	nop_long
+	out PORTD, r1
+	nop_short
+	rjmp L_led_write_byte__loop_ctrl
+
+L_led_write_byte__zero:
+	out PORTD, r0
+	nop_short
+	out PORTD, r1
+	nop_long
+
+L_led_write_byte__loop_ctrl:
+	; loop ctrl
+	dec r21
+	brne L_led_write_byte__loop_head
+
+L_led_write_byte__out:
+	ret
diff --git a/m16def.inc b/m16def.inc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..27cc811
--- /dev/null
+++ b/m16def.inc
@@ -0,0 +1,862 @@
+;* A P P L I C A T I O N   N O T E   F O R   T H E   A V R   F A M I L Y
+;* 
+;* Number            : AVR000
+;* File Name         : "m16def.inc"
+;* Title             : Register/Bit Definitions for the ATmega16
+;* Date              : 2011-02-09
+;* Version           : 2.35
+;* Support E-mail    : avr@atmel.com
+;* Target MCU        : ATmega16
+;* 
+;* DESCRIPTION
+;* When including this file in the assembly program file, all I/O register 
+;* names and I/O register bit names appearing in the data book can be used.
+;* In addition, the six registers forming the three data pointers X, Y and 
+;* Z have been assigned names XL - ZH. Highest RAM address for Internal 
+;* SRAM is also defined 
+;* 
+;* The Register names are represented by their hexadecimal address.
+;* 
+;* The Register Bit names are represented by their bit number (0-7).
+;* 
+;* Please observe the difference in using the bit names with instructions
+;* such as "sbr"/"cbr" (set/clear bit in register) and "sbrs"/"sbrc"
+;* (skip if bit in register set/cleared). The following example illustrates
+;* this:
+;* 
+;* in    r16,PORTB             ;read PORTB latch
+;* sbr   r16,(1<<PB6)+(1<<PB5) ;set PB6 and PB5 (use masks, not bit#)
+;* out   PORTB,r16             ;output to PORTB
+;* 
+;* in    r16,TIFR              ;read the Timer Interrupt Flag Register
+;* sbrc  r16,TOV0              ;test the overflow flag (use bit#)
+;* rjmp  TOV0_is_set           ;jump if set
+;* ...                         ;otherwise do something else
+;*************************************************************************
+
+#ifndef _M16DEF_INC_
+#define _M16DEF_INC_
+
+
+#pragma partinc 0
+
+; ***** SPECIFY DEVICE ***************************************************
+;.device ATmega16
+#pragma AVRPART ADMIN PART_NAME ATmega16
+.equ	SIGNATURE_000,	0x1e
+.equ	SIGNATURE_001,	0x94
+.equ	SIGNATURE_002,	0x03
+
+#pragma AVRPART CORE CORE_VERSION V2E
+
+
+; ***** I/O REGISTER DEFINITIONS *****************************************
+; NOTE:
+; Definitions marked "MEMORY MAPPED"are extended I/O ports
+; and cannot be used with IN/OUT instructions
+.equ	SREG,	0x3f
+.equ	SPL,	0x3d
+.equ	SPH,	0x3e
+.equ	OCR0,	0x3c
+.equ	GICR,	0x3b
+.equ	GIFR,	0x3a
+.equ	TIMSK,	0x39
+.equ	TIFR,	0x38
+.equ	SPMCSR,	0x37
+.equ	TWCR,	0x36
+.equ	MCUCR,	0x35
+.equ	MCUCSR,	0x34
+.equ	TCCR0,	0x33
+.equ	TCNT0,	0x32
+.equ	OSCCAL,	0x31
+.equ	OCDR,	0x31
+.equ	SFIOR,	0x30
+.equ	TCCR1A,	0x2f
+.equ	TCCR1B,	0x2e
+.equ	TCNT1L,	0x2c
+.equ	TCNT1H,	0x2d
+.equ	OCR1AL,	0x2a
+.equ	OCR1AH,	0x2b
+.equ	OCR1BL,	0x28
+.equ	OCR1BH,	0x29
+.equ	ICR1L,	0x26
+.equ	ICR1H,	0x27
+.equ	TCCR2,	0x25
+.equ	TCNT2,	0x24
+.equ	OCR2,	0x23
+.equ	ASSR,	0x22
+.equ	WDTCR,	0x21
+.equ	UBRRH,	0x20
+.equ	UCSRC,	0x20
+.equ	EEARL,	0x1e
+.equ	EEARH,	0x1f
+.equ	EEDR,	0x1d
+.equ	EECR,	0x1c
+.equ	PORTA,	0x1b
+.equ	DDRA,	0x1a
+.equ	PINA,	0x19
+.equ	PORTB,	0x18
+.equ	DDRB,	0x17
+.equ	PINB,	0x16
+.equ	PORTC,	0x15
+.equ	DDRC,	0x14
+.equ	PINC,	0x13
+.equ	PORTD,	0x12
+.equ	DDRD,	0x11
+.equ	PIND,	0x10
+.equ	SPDR,	0x0f
+.equ	SPSR,	0x0e
+.equ	SPCR,	0x0d
+.equ	UDR,	0x0c
+.equ	UCSRA,	0x0b
+.equ	UCSRB,	0x0a
+.equ	UBRRL,	0x09
+.equ	ACSR,	0x08
+.equ	ADMUX,	0x07
+.equ	ADCSRA,	0x06
+.equ	ADCH,	0x05
+.equ	ADCL,	0x04
+.equ	TWDR,	0x03
+.equ	TWAR,	0x02
+.equ	TWSR,	0x01
+.equ	TWBR,	0x00
+
+
+; ***** BIT DEFINITIONS **************************************************
+
+; ***** TIMER_COUNTER_0 **************
+; TCCR0 - Timer/Counter Control Register
+.equ	CS00,	0	; Clock Select 1
+.equ	CS01,	1	; Clock Select 1
+.equ	CS02,	2	; Clock Select 2
+.equ	WGM01,	3	; Waveform Generation Mode 1
+.equ	CTC0,	WGM01	; For compatibility
+.equ	COM00,	4	; Compare match Output Mode 0
+.equ	COM01,	5	; Compare Match Output Mode 1
+.equ	WGM00,	6	; Waveform Generation Mode 0
+.equ	PWM0,	WGM00	; For compatibility
+.equ	FOC0,	7	; Force Output Compare
+
+; TCNT0 - Timer/Counter Register
+.equ	TCNT0_0,	0	; 
+.equ	TCNT0_1,	1	; 
+.equ	TCNT0_2,	2	; 
+.equ	TCNT0_3,	3	; 
+.equ	TCNT0_4,	4	; 
+.equ	TCNT0_5,	5	; 
+.equ	TCNT0_6,	6	; 
+.equ	TCNT0_7,	7	; 
+
+; OCR0 - Output Compare Register
+.equ	OCR0_0,	0	; 
+.equ	OCR0_1,	1	; 
+.equ	OCR0_2,	2	; 
+.equ	OCR0_3,	3	; 
+.equ	OCR0_4,	4	; 
+.equ	OCR0_5,	5	; 
+.equ	OCR0_6,	6	; 
+.equ	OCR0_7,	7	; 
+
+; TIMSK - Timer/Counter Interrupt Mask Register
+.equ	TOIE0,	0	; Timer/Counter0 Overflow Interrupt Enable
+.equ	OCIE0,	1	; Timer/Counter0 Output Compare Match Interrupt register
+
+; TIFR - Timer/Counter Interrupt Flag register
+.equ	TOV0,	0	; Timer/Counter0 Overflow Flag
+.equ	OCF0,	1	; Output Compare Flag 0
+
+; SFIOR - Special Function IO Register
+.equ	PSR10,	0	; Prescaler Reset Timer/Counter1 and Timer/Counter0
+
+
+; ***** TIMER_COUNTER_1 **************
+; TIMSK - Timer/Counter Interrupt Mask Register
+.equ	TOIE1,	2	; Timer/Counter1 Overflow Interrupt Enable
+.equ	OCIE1B,	3	; Timer/Counter1 Output CompareB Match Interrupt Enable
+.equ	OCIE1A,	4	; Timer/Counter1 Output CompareA Match Interrupt Enable
+.equ	TICIE1,	5	; Timer/Counter1 Input Capture Interrupt Enable
+
+; TIFR - Timer/Counter Interrupt Flag register
+.equ	TOV1,	2	; Timer/Counter1 Overflow Flag
+.equ	OCF1B,	3	; Output Compare Flag 1B
+.equ	OCF1A,	4	; Output Compare Flag 1A
+.equ	ICF1,	5	; Input Capture Flag 1
+
+; TCCR1A - Timer/Counter1 Control Register A
+.equ	WGM10,	0	; Waveform Generation Mode
+.equ	PWM10,	WGM10	; For compatibility
+.equ	WGM11,	1	; Waveform Generation Mode
+.equ	PWM11,	WGM11	; For compatibility
+.equ	FOC1B,	2	; Force Output Compare 1B
+.equ	FOC1A,	3	; Force Output Compare 1A
+.equ	COM1B0,	4	; Compare Output Mode 1B, bit 0
+.equ	COM1B1,	5	; Compare Output Mode 1B, bit 1
+.equ	COM1A0,	6	; Compare Ouput Mode 1A, bit 0
+.equ	COM1A1,	7	; Compare Output Mode 1A, bit 1
+
+; TCCR1B - Timer/Counter1 Control Register B
+.equ	CS10,	0	; Prescaler source of Timer/Counter 1
+.equ	CS11,	1	; Prescaler source of Timer/Counter 1
+.equ	CS12,	2	; Prescaler source of Timer/Counter 1
+.equ	WGM12,	3	; Waveform Generation Mode
+.equ	CTC10,	WGM12	; For compatibility
+.equ	CTC1,	WGM12	; For compatibility
+.equ	WGM13,	4	; Waveform Generation Mode
+.equ	CTC11,	WGM13	; For compatibility
+.equ	ICES1,	6	; Input Capture 1 Edge Select
+.equ	ICNC1,	7	; Input Capture 1 Noise Canceler
+
+
+; ***** EXTERNAL_INTERRUPT ***********
+; GICR - General Interrupt Control Register
+.equ	GIMSK,	GICR	; For compatibility
+.equ	IVCE,	0	; Interrupt Vector Change Enable
+.equ	IVSEL,	1	; Interrupt Vector Select
+.equ	INT2,	5	; External Interrupt Request 2 Enable
+.equ	INT0,	6	; External Interrupt Request 0 Enable
+.equ	INT1,	7	; External Interrupt Request 1 Enable
+
+; GIFR - General Interrupt Flag Register
+.equ	INTF2,	5	; External Interrupt Flag 2
+.equ	INTF0,	6	; External Interrupt Flag 0
+.equ	INTF1,	7	; External Interrupt Flag 1
+
+; MCUCR - General Interrupt Control Register
+.equ	ISC00,	0	; Interrupt Sense Control 0 Bit 0
+.equ	ISC01,	1	; Interrupt Sense Control 0 Bit 1
+.equ	ISC10,	2	; Interrupt Sense Control 1 Bit 0
+.equ	ISC11,	3	; Interrupt Sense Control 1 Bit 1
+
+; MCUCSR - MCU Control And Status Register
+.equ	ISC2,	6	; Interrupt Sense Control 2
+
+
+; ***** EEPROM ***********************
+; EEDR - EEPROM Data Register
+.equ	EEDR0,	0	; EEPROM Data Register bit 0
+.equ	EEDR1,	1	; EEPROM Data Register bit 1
+.equ	EEDR2,	2	; EEPROM Data Register bit 2
+.equ	EEDR3,	3	; EEPROM Data Register bit 3
+.equ	EEDR4,	4	; EEPROM Data Register bit 4
+.equ	EEDR5,	5	; EEPROM Data Register bit 5
+.equ	EEDR6,	6	; EEPROM Data Register bit 6
+.equ	EEDR7,	7	; EEPROM Data Register bit 7
+
+; EECR - EEPROM Control Register
+.equ	EERE,	0	; EEPROM Read Enable
+.equ	EEWE,	1	; EEPROM Write Enable
+.equ	EEMWE,	2	; EEPROM Master Write Enable
+.equ	EEWEE,	EEMWE	; For compatibility
+.equ	EERIE,	3	; EEPROM Ready Interrupt Enable
+
+
+; ***** CPU **************************
+; SREG - Status Register
+.equ	SREG_C,	0	; Carry Flag
+.equ	SREG_Z,	1	; Zero Flag
+.equ	SREG_N,	2	; Negative Flag
+.equ	SREG_V,	3	; Two's Complement Overflow Flag
+.equ	SREG_S,	4	; Sign Bit
+.equ	SREG_H,	5	; Half Carry Flag
+.equ	SREG_T,	6	; Bit Copy Storage
+.equ	SREG_I,	7	; Global Interrupt Enable
+
+; MCUCR - MCU Control Register
+;.equ	ISC00,	0	; Interrupt Sense Control 0 Bit 0
+;.equ	ISC01,	1	; Interrupt Sense Control 0 Bit 1
+;.equ	ISC10,	2	; Interrupt Sense Control 1 Bit 0
+;.equ	ISC11,	3	; Interrupt Sense Control 1 Bit 1
+.equ	SM0,	4	; Sleep Mode Select
+.equ	SM1,	5	; Sleep Mode Select
+.equ	SE,	6	; Sleep Enable
+.equ	SM2,	7	; Sleep Mode Select
+
+; MCUCSR - MCU Control And Status Register
+.equ	MCUSR,	MCUCSR	; For compatibility
+.equ	PORF,	0	; Power-on reset flag
+.equ	EXTRF,	1	; External Reset Flag
+.equ	EXTREF,	EXTRF	; For compatibility
+.equ	BORF,	2	; Brown-out Reset Flag
+.equ	WDRF,	3	; Watchdog Reset Flag
+.equ	JTRF,	4	; JTAG Reset Flag
+.equ	JTD,	7	; JTAG Interface Disable
+
+; OSCCAL - Oscillator Calibration Value
+.equ	CAL0,	0	; Oscillator Calibration Value Bit0
+.equ	CAL1,	1	; Oscillator Calibration Value Bit1
+.equ	CAL2,	2	; Oscillator Calibration Value Bit2
+.equ	CAL3,	3	; Oscillator Calibration Value Bit3
+.equ	CAL4,	4	; Oscillator Calibration Value Bit4
+.equ	CAL5,	5	; Oscillator Calibration Value Bit5
+.equ	CAL6,	6	; Oscillator Calibration Value Bit6
+.equ	CAL7,	7	; Oscillator Calibration Value Bit7
+
+; SFIOR - Special function I/O register
+;.equ	PSR10,	0	; Prescaler reset
+.equ	PSR2,	1	; Prescaler reset
+.equ	PUD,	2	; Pull-up Disable
+
+
+; ***** TIMER_COUNTER_2 **************
+; TIMSK - Timer/Counter Interrupt Mask register
+.equ	TOIE2,	6	; Timer/Counter2 Overflow Interrupt Enable
+.equ	OCIE2,	7	; Timer/Counter2 Output Compare Match Interrupt Enable
+
+; TIFR - Timer/Counter Interrupt Flag Register
+.equ	TOV2,	6	; Timer/Counter2 Overflow Flag
+.equ	OCF2,	7	; Output Compare Flag 2
+
+; TCCR2 - Timer/Counter2 Control Register
+.equ	CS20,	0	; Clock Select bit 0
+.equ	CS21,	1	; Clock Select bit 1
+.equ	CS22,	2	; Clock Select bit 2
+.equ	WGM21,	3	; Waveform Generation Mode
+.equ	CTC2,	WGM21	; For compatibility
+.equ	COM20,	4	; Compare Output Mode bit 0
+.equ	COM21,	5	; Compare Output Mode bit 1
+.equ	WGM20,	6	; Waveform Genration Mode
+.equ	PWM2,	WGM20	; For compatibility
+.equ	FOC2,	7	; Force Output Compare
+
+; TCNT2 - Timer/Counter2
+.equ	TCNT2_0,	0	; Timer/Counter 2 bit 0
+.equ	TCNT2_1,	1	; Timer/Counter 2 bit 1
+.equ	TCNT2_2,	2	; Timer/Counter 2 bit 2
+.equ	TCNT2_3,	3	; Timer/Counter 2 bit 3
+.equ	TCNT2_4,	4	; Timer/Counter 2 bit 4
+.equ	TCNT2_5,	5	; Timer/Counter 2 bit 5
+.equ	TCNT2_6,	6	; Timer/Counter 2 bit 6
+.equ	TCNT2_7,	7	; Timer/Counter 2 bit 7
+
+; OCR2 - Timer/Counter2 Output Compare Register
+.equ	OCR2_0,	0	; Timer/Counter2 Output Compare Register Bit 0
+.equ	OCR2_1,	1	; Timer/Counter2 Output Compare Register Bit 1
+.equ	OCR2_2,	2	; Timer/Counter2 Output Compare Register Bit 2
+.equ	OCR2_3,	3	; Timer/Counter2 Output Compare Register Bit 3
+.equ	OCR2_4,	4	; Timer/Counter2 Output Compare Register Bit 4
+.equ	OCR2_5,	5	; Timer/Counter2 Output Compare Register Bit 5
+.equ	OCR2_6,	6	; Timer/Counter2 Output Compare Register Bit 6
+.equ	OCR2_7,	7	; Timer/Counter2 Output Compare Register Bit 7
+
+; ASSR - Asynchronous Status Register
+.equ	TCR2UB,	0	; Timer/counter Control Register2 Update Busy
+.equ	OCR2UB,	1	; Output Compare Register2 Update Busy
+.equ	TCN2UB,	2	; Timer/Counter2 Update Busy
+.equ	AS2,	3	; Asynchronous Timer/counter2
+
+; SFIOR - Special Function IO Register
+;.equ	PSR2,	1	; Prescaler Reset Timer/Counter2
+
+
+; ***** SPI **************************
+; SPDR - SPI Data Register
+.equ	SPDR0,	0	; SPI Data Register bit 0
+.equ	SPDR1,	1	; SPI Data Register bit 1
+.equ	SPDR2,	2	; SPI Data Register bit 2
+.equ	SPDR3,	3	; SPI Data Register bit 3
+.equ	SPDR4,	4	; SPI Data Register bit 4
+.equ	SPDR5,	5	; SPI Data Register bit 5
+.equ	SPDR6,	6	; SPI Data Register bit 6
+.equ	SPDR7,	7	; SPI Data Register bit 7
+
+; SPSR - SPI Status Register
+.equ	SPI2X,	0	; Double SPI Speed Bit
+.equ	WCOL,	6	; Write Collision Flag
+.equ	SPIF,	7	; SPI Interrupt Flag
+
+; SPCR - SPI Control Register
+.equ	SPR0,	0	; SPI Clock Rate Select 0
+.equ	SPR1,	1	; SPI Clock Rate Select 1
+.equ	CPHA,	2	; Clock Phase
+.equ	CPOL,	3	; Clock polarity
+.equ	MSTR,	4	; Master/Slave Select
+.equ	DORD,	5	; Data Order
+.equ	SPE,	6	; SPI Enable
+.equ	SPIE,	7	; SPI Interrupt Enable
+
+
+; ***** USART ************************
+; UDR - USART I/O Data Register
+.equ	UDR0,	0	; USART I/O Data Register bit 0
+.equ	UDR1,	1	; USART I/O Data Register bit 1
+.equ	UDR2,	2	; USART I/O Data Register bit 2
+.equ	UDR3,	3	; USART I/O Data Register bit 3
+.equ	UDR4,	4	; USART I/O Data Register bit 4
+.equ	UDR5,	5	; USART I/O Data Register bit 5
+.equ	UDR6,	6	; USART I/O Data Register bit 6
+.equ	UDR7,	7	; USART I/O Data Register bit 7
+
+; UCSRA - USART Control and Status Register A
+.equ	USR,	UCSRA	; For compatibility
+.equ	MPCM,	0	; Multi-processor Communication Mode
+.equ	U2X,	1	; Double the USART transmission speed
+.equ	UPE,	2	; Parity Error
+.equ	PE,	UPE	; For compatibility
+.equ	DOR,	3	; Data overRun
+.equ	FE,	4	; Framing Error
+.equ	UDRE,	5	; USART Data Register Empty
+.equ	TXC,	6	; USART Transmitt Complete
+.equ	RXC,	7	; USART Receive Complete
+
+; UCSRB - USART Control and Status Register B
+.equ	UCR,	UCSRB	; For compatibility
+.equ	TXB8,	0	; Transmit Data Bit 8
+.equ	RXB8,	1	; Receive Data Bit 8
+.equ	UCSZ2,	2	; Character Size
+.equ	CHR9,	UCSZ2	; For compatibility
+.equ	TXEN,	3	; Transmitter Enable
+.equ	RXEN,	4	; Receiver Enable
+.equ	UDRIE,	5	; USART Data register Empty Interrupt Enable
+.equ	TXCIE,	6	; TX Complete Interrupt Enable
+.equ	RXCIE,	7	; RX Complete Interrupt Enable
+
+; UCSRC - USART Control and Status Register C
+.equ	UCPOL,	0	; Clock Polarity
+.equ	UCSZ0,	1	; Character Size
+.equ	UCSZ1,	2	; Character Size
+.equ	USBS,	3	; Stop Bit Select
+.equ	UPM0,	4	; Parity Mode Bit 0
+.equ	UPM1,	5	; Parity Mode Bit 1
+.equ	UMSEL,	6	; USART Mode Select
+.equ	URSEL,	7	; Register Select
+
+.equ	UBRRHI,	UBRRH	; For compatibility
+
+; ***** TWI **************************
+; TWBR - TWI Bit Rate register
+.equ	I2BR,	TWBR	; For compatibility
+.equ	TWBR0,	0	; 
+.equ	TWBR1,	1	; 
+.equ	TWBR2,	2	; 
+.equ	TWBR3,	3	; 
+.equ	TWBR4,	4	; 
+.equ	TWBR5,	5	; 
+.equ	TWBR6,	6	; 
+.equ	TWBR7,	7	; 
+
+; TWCR - TWI Control Register
+.equ	I2CR,	TWCR	; For compatibility
+.equ	TWIE,	0	; TWI Interrupt Enable
+.equ	I2IE,	TWIE	; For compatibility
+.equ	TWEN,	2	; TWI Enable Bit
+.equ	I2EN,	TWEN	; For compatibility
+.equ	ENI2C,	TWEN	; For compatibility
+.equ	TWWC,	3	; TWI Write Collition Flag
+.equ	I2WC,	TWWC	; For compatibility
+.equ	TWSTO,	4	; TWI Stop Condition Bit
+.equ	I2STO,	TWSTO	; For compatibility
+.equ	TWSTA,	5	; TWI Start Condition Bit
+.equ	I2STA,	TWSTA	; For compatibility
+.equ	TWEA,	6	; TWI Enable Acknowledge Bit
+.equ	I2EA,	TWEA	; For compatibility
+.equ	TWINT,	7	; TWI Interrupt Flag
+.equ	I2INT,	TWINT	; For compatibility
+
+; TWSR - TWI Status Register
+.equ	I2SR,	TWSR	; For compatibility
+.equ	TWPS0,	0	; TWI Prescaler
+.equ	TWS0,	TWPS0	; For compatibility
+.equ	I2GCE,	TWPS0	; For compatibility
+.equ	TWPS1,	1	; TWI Prescaler
+.equ	TWS1,	TWPS1	; For compatibility
+.equ	TWS3,	3	; TWI Status
+.equ	I2S3,	TWS3	; For compatibility
+.equ	TWS4,	4	; TWI Status
+.equ	I2S4,	TWS4	; For compatibility
+.equ	TWS5,	5	; TWI Status
+.equ	I2S5,	TWS5	; For compatibility
+.equ	TWS6,	6	; TWI Status
+.equ	I2S6,	TWS6	; For compatibility
+.equ	TWS7,	7	; TWI Status
+.equ	I2S7,	TWS7	; For compatibility
+
+; TWDR - TWI Data register
+.equ	I2DR,	TWDR	; For compatibility
+.equ	TWD0,	0	; TWI Data Register Bit 0
+.equ	TWD1,	1	; TWI Data Register Bit 1
+.equ	TWD2,	2	; TWI Data Register Bit 2
+.equ	TWD3,	3	; TWI Data Register Bit 3
+.equ	TWD4,	4	; TWI Data Register Bit 4
+.equ	TWD5,	5	; TWI Data Register Bit 5
+.equ	TWD6,	6	; TWI Data Register Bit 6
+.equ	TWD7,	7	; TWI Data Register Bit 7
+
+; TWAR - TWI (Slave) Address register
+.equ	I2AR,	TWAR	; For compatibility
+.equ	TWGCE,	0	; TWI General Call Recognition Enable Bit
+.equ	TWA0,	1	; TWI (Slave) Address register Bit 0
+.equ	TWA1,	2	; TWI (Slave) Address register Bit 1
+.equ	TWA2,	3	; TWI (Slave) Address register Bit 2
+.equ	TWA3,	4	; TWI (Slave) Address register Bit 3
+.equ	TWA4,	5	; TWI (Slave) Address register Bit 4
+.equ	TWA5,	6	; TWI (Slave) Address register Bit 5
+.equ	TWA6,	7	; TWI (Slave) Address register Bit 6
+
+
+; ***** ANALOG_COMPARATOR ************
+; SFIOR - Special Function IO Register
+.equ	ACME,	3	; Analog Comparator Multiplexer Enable
+
+; ACSR - Analog Comparator Control And Status Register
+.equ	ACIS0,	0	; Analog Comparator Interrupt Mode Select bit 0
+.equ	ACIS1,	1	; Analog Comparator Interrupt Mode Select bit 1
+.equ	ACIC,	2	; Analog Comparator Input Capture Enable
+.equ	ACIE,	3	; Analog Comparator Interrupt Enable
+.equ	ACI,	4	; Analog Comparator Interrupt Flag
+.equ	ACO,	5	; Analog Compare Output
+.equ	ACBG,	6	; Analog Comparator Bandgap Select
+.equ	ACD,	7	; Analog Comparator Disable
+
+
+; ***** AD_CONVERTER *****************
+; ADMUX - The ADC multiplexer Selection Register
+.equ	MUX0,	0	; Analog Channel and Gain Selection Bits
+.equ	MUX1,	1	; Analog Channel and Gain Selection Bits
+.equ	MUX2,	2	; Analog Channel and Gain Selection Bits
+.equ	MUX3,	3	; Analog Channel and Gain Selection Bits
+.equ	MUX4,	4	; Analog Channel and Gain Selection Bits
+.equ	ADLAR,	5	; Left Adjust Result
+.equ	REFS0,	6	; Reference Selection Bit 0
+.equ	REFS1,	7	; Reference Selection Bit 1
+
+; ADCSRA - The ADC Control and Status register
+.equ	ADCSR,	ADCSRA	; For compatibility
+.equ	ADPS0,	0	; ADC  Prescaler Select Bits
+.equ	ADPS1,	1	; ADC  Prescaler Select Bits
+.equ	ADPS2,	2	; ADC  Prescaler Select Bits
+.equ	ADIE,	3	; ADC Interrupt Enable
+.equ	ADIF,	4	; ADC Interrupt Flag
+.equ	ADATE,	5	; When this bit is written to one,the Timer/Counter2 prescaler will be reset.The bit will be cleared by hardware after the operation is performed.Writing a zero to this bit will have no effect.This bit will always be read as zero if Timer/Counter2 is clocked by the internal CPU clock.If this bit is written when Timer/Counter2 is operating in asynchronous mode,the bit will remain one until the prescaler has been reset.
+.equ	ADFR,	ADATE	; For compatibility
+.equ	ADSC,	6	; ADC Start Conversion
+.equ	ADEN,	7	; ADC Enable
+
+; ADCH - ADC Data Register High Byte
+.equ	ADCH0,	0	; ADC Data Register High Byte Bit 0
+.equ	ADCH1,	1	; ADC Data Register High Byte Bit 1
+.equ	ADCH2,	2	; ADC Data Register High Byte Bit 2
+.equ	ADCH3,	3	; ADC Data Register High Byte Bit 3
+.equ	ADCH4,	4	; ADC Data Register High Byte Bit 4
+.equ	ADCH5,	5	; ADC Data Register High Byte Bit 5
+.equ	ADCH6,	6	; ADC Data Register High Byte Bit 6
+.equ	ADCH7,	7	; ADC Data Register High Byte Bit 7
+
+; ADCL - ADC Data Register Low Byte
+.equ	ADCL0,	0	; ADC Data Register Low Byte Bit 0
+.equ	ADCL1,	1	; ADC Data Register Low Byte Bit 1
+.equ	ADCL2,	2	; ADC Data Register Low Byte Bit 2
+.equ	ADCL3,	3	; ADC Data Register Low Byte Bit 3
+.equ	ADCL4,	4	; ADC Data Register Low Byte Bit 4
+.equ	ADCL5,	5	; ADC Data Register Low Byte Bit 5
+.equ	ADCL6,	6	; ADC Data Register Low Byte Bit 6
+.equ	ADCL7,	7	; ADC Data Register Low Byte Bit 7
+
+; SFIOR - Special Function IO Register
+.equ	ADTS0,	5	; ADC Auto Trigger Source 0
+.equ	ADTS1,	6	; ADC Auto Trigger Source 1
+.equ	ADTS2,	7	; ADC Auto Trigger Source 2
+
+
+; ***** JTAG *************************
+; OCDR - On-Chip Debug Related Register in I/O Memory
+.equ	OCDR0,	0	; On-Chip Debug Register Bit 0
+.equ	OCDR1,	1	; On-Chip Debug Register Bit 1
+.equ	OCDR2,	2	; On-Chip Debug Register Bit 2
+.equ	OCDR3,	3	; On-Chip Debug Register Bit 3
+.equ	OCDR4,	4	; On-Chip Debug Register Bit 4
+.equ	OCDR5,	5	; On-Chip Debug Register Bit 5
+.equ	OCDR6,	6	; On-Chip Debug Register Bit 6
+.equ	OCDR7,	7	; On-Chip Debug Register Bit 7
+.equ	IDRD,	OCDR7	; For compatibility
+
+; MCUCSR - MCU Control And Status Register
+;.equ	JTRF,	4	; JTAG Reset Flag
+;.equ	JTD,	7	; JTAG Interface Disable
+
+
+; ***** BOOT_LOAD ********************
+; SPMCSR - Store Program Memory Control Register
+.equ	SPMCR,	SPMCSR	; For compatibility
+.equ	SPMEN,	0	; Store Program Memory Enable
+.equ	PGERS,	1	; Page Erase
+.equ	PGWRT,	2	; Page Write
+.equ	BLBSET,	3	; Boot Lock Bit Set
+.equ	RWWSRE,	4	; Read While Write section read enable
+.equ	ASRE,	RWWSRE	; For compatibility
+.equ	RWWSB,	6	; Read While Write Section Busy
+.equ	ASB,	RWWSB	; For compatibility
+.equ	SPMIE,	7	; SPM Interrupt Enable
+
+
+; ***** PORTA ************************
+; PORTA - Port A Data Register
+.equ	PORTA0,	0	; Port A Data Register bit 0
+.equ	PA0,	0	; For compatibility
+.equ	PORTA1,	1	; Port A Data Register bit 1
+.equ	PA1,	1	; For compatibility
+.equ	PORTA2,	2	; Port A Data Register bit 2
+.equ	PA2,	2	; For compatibility
+.equ	PORTA3,	3	; Port A Data Register bit 3
+.equ	PA3,	3	; For compatibility
+.equ	PORTA4,	4	; Port A Data Register bit 4
+.equ	PA4,	4	; For compatibility
+.equ	PORTA5,	5	; Port A Data Register bit 5
+.equ	PA5,	5	; For compatibility
+.equ	PORTA6,	6	; Port A Data Register bit 6
+.equ	PA6,	6	; For compatibility
+.equ	PORTA7,	7	; Port A Data Register bit 7
+.equ	PA7,	7	; For compatibility
+
+; DDRA - Port A Data Direction Register
+.equ	DDA0,	0	; Data Direction Register, Port A, bit 0
+.equ	DDA1,	1	; Data Direction Register, Port A, bit 1
+.equ	DDA2,	2	; Data Direction Register, Port A, bit 2
+.equ	DDA3,	3	; Data Direction Register, Port A, bit 3
+.equ	DDA4,	4	; Data Direction Register, Port A, bit 4
+.equ	DDA5,	5	; Data Direction Register, Port A, bit 5
+.equ	DDA6,	6	; Data Direction Register, Port A, bit 6
+.equ	DDA7,	7	; Data Direction Register, Port A, bit 7
+
+; PINA - Port A Input Pins
+.equ	PINA0,	0	; Input Pins, Port A bit 0
+.equ	PINA1,	1	; Input Pins, Port A bit 1
+.equ	PINA2,	2	; Input Pins, Port A bit 2
+.equ	PINA3,	3	; Input Pins, Port A bit 3
+.equ	PINA4,	4	; Input Pins, Port A bit 4
+.equ	PINA5,	5	; Input Pins, Port A bit 5
+.equ	PINA6,	6	; Input Pins, Port A bit 6
+.equ	PINA7,	7	; Input Pins, Port A bit 7
+
+
+; ***** PORTB ************************
+; PORTB - Port B Data Register
+.equ	PORTB0,	0	; Port B Data Register bit 0
+.equ	PB0,	0	; For compatibility
+.equ	PORTB1,	1	; Port B Data Register bit 1
+.equ	PB1,	1	; For compatibility
+.equ	PORTB2,	2	; Port B Data Register bit 2
+.equ	PB2,	2	; For compatibility
+.equ	PORTB3,	3	; Port B Data Register bit 3
+.equ	PB3,	3	; For compatibility
+.equ	PORTB4,	4	; Port B Data Register bit 4
+.equ	PB4,	4	; For compatibility
+.equ	PORTB5,	5	; Port B Data Register bit 5
+.equ	PB5,	5	; For compatibility
+.equ	PORTB6,	6	; Port B Data Register bit 6
+.equ	PB6,	6	; For compatibility
+.equ	PORTB7,	7	; Port B Data Register bit 7
+.equ	PB7,	7	; For compatibility
+
+; DDRB - Port B Data Direction Register
+.equ	DDB0,	0	; Port B Data Direction Register bit 0
+.equ	DDB1,	1	; Port B Data Direction Register bit 1
+.equ	DDB2,	2	; Port B Data Direction Register bit 2
+.equ	DDB3,	3	; Port B Data Direction Register bit 3
+.equ	DDB4,	4	; Port B Data Direction Register bit 4
+.equ	DDB5,	5	; Port B Data Direction Register bit 5
+.equ	DDB6,	6	; Port B Data Direction Register bit 6
+.equ	DDB7,	7	; Port B Data Direction Register bit 7
+
+; PINB - Port B Input Pins
+.equ	PINB0,	0	; Port B Input Pins bit 0
+.equ	PINB1,	1	; Port B Input Pins bit 1
+.equ	PINB2,	2	; Port B Input Pins bit 2
+.equ	PINB3,	3	; Port B Input Pins bit 3
+.equ	PINB4,	4	; Port B Input Pins bit 4
+.equ	PINB5,	5	; Port B Input Pins bit 5
+.equ	PINB6,	6	; Port B Input Pins bit 6
+.equ	PINB7,	7	; Port B Input Pins bit 7
+
+
+; ***** PORTC ************************
+; PORTC - Port C Data Register
+.equ	PORTC0,	0	; Port C Data Register bit 0
+.equ	PC0,	0	; For compatibility
+.equ	PORTC1,	1	; Port C Data Register bit 1
+.equ	PC1,	1	; For compatibility
+.equ	PORTC2,	2	; Port C Data Register bit 2
+.equ	PC2,	2	; For compatibility
+.equ	PORTC3,	3	; Port C Data Register bit 3
+.equ	PC3,	3	; For compatibility
+.equ	PORTC4,	4	; Port C Data Register bit 4
+.equ	PC4,	4	; For compatibility
+.equ	PORTC5,	5	; Port C Data Register bit 5
+.equ	PC5,	5	; For compatibility
+.equ	PORTC6,	6	; Port C Data Register bit 6
+.equ	PC6,	6	; For compatibility
+.equ	PORTC7,	7	; Port C Data Register bit 7
+.equ	PC7,	7	; For compatibility
+
+; DDRC - Port C Data Direction Register
+.equ	DDC0,	0	; Port C Data Direction Register bit 0
+.equ	DDC1,	1	; Port C Data Direction Register bit 1
+.equ	DDC2,	2	; Port C Data Direction Register bit 2
+.equ	DDC3,	3	; Port C Data Direction Register bit 3
+.equ	DDC4,	4	; Port C Data Direction Register bit 4
+.equ	DDC5,	5	; Port C Data Direction Register bit 5
+.equ	DDC6,	6	; Port C Data Direction Register bit 6
+.equ	DDC7,	7	; Port C Data Direction Register bit 7
+
+; PINC - Port C Input Pins
+.equ	PINC0,	0	; Port C Input Pins bit 0
+.equ	PINC1,	1	; Port C Input Pins bit 1
+.equ	PINC2,	2	; Port C Input Pins bit 2
+.equ	PINC3,	3	; Port C Input Pins bit 3
+.equ	PINC4,	4	; Port C Input Pins bit 4
+.equ	PINC5,	5	; Port C Input Pins bit 5
+.equ	PINC6,	6	; Port C Input Pins bit 6
+.equ	PINC7,	7	; Port C Input Pins bit 7
+
+
+; ***** PORTD ************************
+; PORTD - Port D Data Register
+.equ	PORTD0,	0	; Port D Data Register bit 0
+.equ	PD0,	0	; For compatibility
+.equ	PORTD1,	1	; Port D Data Register bit 1
+.equ	PD1,	1	; For compatibility
+.equ	PORTD2,	2	; Port D Data Register bit 2
+.equ	PD2,	2	; For compatibility
+.equ	PORTD3,	3	; Port D Data Register bit 3
+.equ	PD3,	3	; For compatibility
+.equ	PORTD4,	4	; Port D Data Register bit 4
+.equ	PD4,	4	; For compatibility
+.equ	PORTD5,	5	; Port D Data Register bit 5
+.equ	PD5,	5	; For compatibility
+.equ	PORTD6,	6	; Port D Data Register bit 6
+.equ	PD6,	6	; For compatibility
+.equ	PORTD7,	7	; Port D Data Register bit 7
+.equ	PD7,	7	; For compatibility
+
+; DDRD - Port D Data Direction Register
+.equ	DDD0,	0	; Port D Data Direction Register bit 0
+.equ	DDD1,	1	; Port D Data Direction Register bit 1
+.equ	DDD2,	2	; Port D Data Direction Register bit 2
+.equ	DDD3,	3	; Port D Data Direction Register bit 3
+.equ	DDD4,	4	; Port D Data Direction Register bit 4
+.equ	DDD5,	5	; Port D Data Direction Register bit 5
+.equ	DDD6,	6	; Port D Data Direction Register bit 6
+.equ	DDD7,	7	; Port D Data Direction Register bit 7
+
+; PIND - Port D Input Pins
+.equ	PIND0,	0	; Port D Input Pins bit 0
+.equ	PIND1,	1	; Port D Input Pins bit 1
+.equ	PIND2,	2	; Port D Input Pins bit 2
+.equ	PIND3,	3	; Port D Input Pins bit 3
+.equ	PIND4,	4	; Port D Input Pins bit 4
+.equ	PIND5,	5	; Port D Input Pins bit 5
+.equ	PIND6,	6	; Port D Input Pins bit 6
+.equ	PIND7,	7	; Port D Input Pins bit 7
+
+
+; ***** WATCHDOG *********************
+; WDTCR - Watchdog Timer Control Register
+.equ	WDP0,	0	; Watch Dog Timer Prescaler bit 0
+.equ	WDP1,	1	; Watch Dog Timer Prescaler bit 1
+.equ	WDP2,	2	; Watch Dog Timer Prescaler bit 2
+.equ	WDE,	3	; Watch Dog Enable
+.equ	WDTOE,	4	; RW
+.equ	WDDE,	WDTOE	; For compatibility
+
+
+
+; ***** LOCKSBITS ********************************************************
+.equ	LB1,	0	; Lock bit
+.equ	LB2,	1	; Lock bit
+.equ	BLB01,	2	; Boot Lock bit
+.equ	BLB02,	3	; Boot Lock bit
+.equ	BLB11,	4	; Boot lock bit
+.equ	BLB12,	5	; Boot lock bit
+
+
+; ***** FUSES ************************************************************
+; LOW fuse bits
+.equ	CKSEL0,	0	; Select Clock Source
+.equ	CKSEL1,	1	; Select Clock Source
+.equ	CKSEL2,	2	; Select Clock Source
+.equ	CKSEL3,	3	; Select Clock Source
+.equ	SUT0,	4	; Select start-up time
+.equ	SUT1,	5	; Select start-up time
+.equ	BODEN,	6	; Brown out detector enable
+.equ	BODLEVEL,	7	; Brown out detector trigger level
+
+; HIGH fuse bits
+.equ	BOOTRST,	0	; Select Reset Vector
+.equ	BOOTSZ0,	1	; Select Boot Size
+.equ	BOOTSZ1,	2	; Select Boot Size
+.equ	EESAVE,	3	; EEPROM memory is preserved through chip erase
+.equ	CKOPT,	4	; Oscillator Options
+.equ	SPIEN,	5	; Enable Serial programming and Data Downloading
+.equ	JTAGEN,	6	; Enable JTAG
+.equ	OCDEN,	7	; Enable OCD
+
+
+
+; ***** CPU REGISTER DEFINITIONS *****************************************
+#define	XH	r27
+#define	XL	r26
+#define	YH	r29
+#define	YL	r28
+#define	ZH	r31
+#define	ZL	r30
+
+
+
+; ***** DATA MEMORY DECLARATIONS *****************************************
+.equ	FLASHEND,	0x1fff	; Note: Word address
+.equ	IOEND,	0x003f
+.equ	SRAM_START,	0x0060
+.equ	SRAM_SIZE,	1024
+.equ	RAMEND,	0x045f
+.equ	XRAMEND,	0x0000
+.equ	E2END,	0x01ff
+.equ	EEPROMEND,	0x01ff
+.equ	EEADRBITS,	9
+#pragma AVRPART MEMORY PROG_FLASH 16384
+#pragma AVRPART MEMORY EEPROM 512
+#pragma AVRPART MEMORY INT_SRAM SIZE 1024
+#pragma AVRPART MEMORY INT_SRAM START_ADDR 0x60
+
+
+
+; ***** BOOTLOADER DECLARATIONS ******************************************
+.equ	NRWW_START_ADDR,	0x1c00
+.equ	NRWW_STOP_ADDR,	0x1fff
+.equ	RWW_START_ADDR,	0x0
+.equ	RWW_STOP_ADDR,	0x1bff
+.equ	PAGESIZE,	64
+.equ	FIRSTBOOTSTART,	0x1f80
+.equ	SECONDBOOTSTART,	0x1f00
+.equ	THIRDBOOTSTART,	0x1e00
+.equ	FOURTHBOOTSTART,	0x1c00
+.equ	SMALLBOOTSTART,	FIRSTBOOTSTART
+.equ	LARGEBOOTSTART,	FOURTHBOOTSTART
+
+
+
+; ***** INTERRUPT VECTORS ************************************************
+.equ	INT0addr,	0x0002	; External Interrupt Request 0
+.equ	INT1addr,	0x0004	; External Interrupt Request 1
+.equ	OC2addr,	0x0006	; Timer/Counter2 Compare Match
+.equ	OVF2addr,	0x0008	; Timer/Counter2 Overflow
+.equ	ICP1addr,	0x000a	; Timer/Counter1 Capture Event
+.equ	OC1Aaddr,	0x000c	; Timer/Counter1 Compare Match A
+.equ	OC1Baddr,	0x000e	; Timer/Counter1 Compare Match B
+.equ	OVF1addr,	0x0010	; Timer/Counter1 Overflow
+.equ	OVF0addr,	0x0012	; Timer/Counter0 Overflow
+.equ	SPIaddr,	0x0014	; Serial Transfer Complete
+.equ	URXCaddr,	0x0016	; USART, Rx Complete
+.equ	UDREaddr,	0x0018	; USART Data Register Empty
+.equ	UTXCaddr,	0x001a	; USART, Tx Complete
+.equ	ADCCaddr,	0x001c	; ADC Conversion Complete
+.equ	ERDYaddr,	0x001e	; EEPROM Ready
+.equ	ACIaddr,	0x0020	; Analog Comparator
+.equ	TWIaddr,	0x0022	; 2-wire Serial Interface
+.equ	INT2addr,	0x0024	; External Interrupt Request 2
+.equ	OC0addr,	0x0026	; Timer/Counter0 Compare Match
+.equ	SPMRaddr,	0x0028	; Store Program Memory Ready
+
+.equ	INT_VECTORS_SIZE,	42	; size in words
+
+#endif  /* _M16DEF_INC_ */
+
+; ***** END OF FILE ******************************************************
diff --git a/numtest.c b/numtest.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..50aeca4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/numtest.c
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+#include <util/delay.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include "libleds.h"
+#include "chars/chars.h"
+
+static struct led_obj const PANEL = {0, 1<<7, 32, 8};
+
+void led_main()
+{
+	// clear
+	struct led_color const clear_color = { 0, 0, 0 };
+	led_write_rgb_all(PANEL, clear_color);
+
+	const struct led_color active_color = {0x10, 0x10, 0x10};
+	const char *text = "0123";
+	struct led_color *buf = leds_text(active_color, text);
+
+	if (buf == NULL) {
+		return;
+	}
+
+	struct led_color const padding = { 0, 0, 0 };
+	for (unsigned int i = 0; i < 4*char_height; i++)
+		led_write_rgb(PANEL.port, PANEL.pins, padding);
+	for (unsigned int i = 0; i < char_length * strlen(text); i++)
+		led_write_rgb(PANEL.port, PANEL.pins, buf[i]);
+
+	free(buf);
+}
diff --git a/pulse.c b/pulse.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d5d186e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pulse.c
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+#include "libleds.h"
+
+static struct led_obj const PANEL = {0, 1<<7, 32, 8};
+
+void update(int i)
+{
+	struct led_color const color = {i, i, i};
+	led_write_rgb_all(PANEL, color);
+	led_latch();
+}
+
+void led_main()
+{
+	static int const STEP = 0x01;
+	static int const MIN = 0x00;
+	static int const MAX = 0xFF;
+
+	while (1) {
+		for (int i = MIN; i < MAX; i += STEP)
+			update(i);
+		for (int i = MAX; i > MIN; i += STEP)
+			update(i);
+	}
+}
diff --git a/test.c b/test.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..176223f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test.c
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+#include "libleds.h"
+
+static struct led_obj const PANEL = {0, 1<<7, 32, 8};
+static unsigned char const INTENSITY = 0x01;
+
+void led_main()
+{
+	struct led_color const colors[] = {
+		{0x0000000, 0x0000000, 0x0000000},
+		{INTENSITY, 0x0000000, 0x0000000},
+		{0x0000000, INTENSITY, 0x0000000},
+		{INTENSITY, INTENSITY, 0x0000000},
+		{0x0000000, 0x0000000, INTENSITY},
+		{INTENSITY, 0x0000000, INTENSITY},
+		{0x0000000, INTENSITY, INTENSITY},
+		{INTENSITY, INTENSITY, INTENSITY},
+	};
+
+	for(int x = 0; x < PANEL.width; x++)
+		for (int i = 0; i < (sizeof(colors) / sizeof(colors[0])); i++)
+			led_write_rgb(PANEL.port, PANEL.pins, colors[i]);
+}